It's Medical Monday!

The aortic valve is a vital part of the heart, regulating blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. It opens and closes with every heartbeat, ensuring blood moves in one direction—out to the rest of the body. While most people have a valve with three leaflets, some are born with just two. This small difference can have major implications for heart and aortic health.

Credits: The Cleveland Clinic

The Trileaflet Aortic Valve

In about 95% of people, the aortic valve has three leaflets made up of thin, flexible connective tissue. This “trileaflet” structure allows the valve to open fully and close tightly, minimizing wear and ensuring efficient blood flow. Trileaflet valves are generally durable and remain functional for many years without issue unless affected by aging or other health conditions.

The Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Credits: American Heart Association

Roughly 1–2% of the population is born with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), which has only two leaflets. This congenital variation can function normally for a time but often leads to complications. With fewer leaflets handling the same workload, the valve is more prone to stress and deterioration. Over time, BAV may cause:

• Aortic stenosis (narrowing of the valve)

• Aortic regurgitation (leakage of blood backward)

• Changes in the aortic wall, increasing the risk of aneurysm or dissection

  
  

Why Valve Type Matters

Knowing whether you have a trileaflet or bicuspid valve is crucial for early detection and management. Many people with BAV are asymptomatic for years, so regular imaging (like echocardiograms or MRIs) can help identify issues before they become serious. Ongoing monitoring by a cardiologist is often recommended for those with BAV, even without symptoms.

Final Thoughts

Though it’s only the size of a coin, the aortic valve opens and closes more than 100,000 times a day. Whether trileaflet or bicuspid, understanding your valve anatomy can empower you to take control of your heart health.

Thank you so much for joining me today for an amazing Medical Monday, and I hope you all have an amazing week!

Think Aorta,

Sathya Pallapothula